Iningi lezinto zokusetshenziswa zezinto ezingaphili kahle zingezona ezepulasitiki, futhi kunzima ukuzicubungula zibe imikhiqizo eqediwe ngokuphelele zodwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-organic binder yangaphandle noma i-inorganic binder noma i-mixed binder. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhethekile ezihlukahlukene ezingaphili kahle zifakwa ekuhlanganisweni okuqinile nokunembile ukuze kwenziwe izinto zodaka ezinokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya ezifanayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okufanayo, i-plasticity ethile kanye nemikhiqizo elula yokwakha kanye ne-semi-finished. Kuyadingeka ukwamukela inqubo yokukhiqiza esebenza kahle kakhulu, umphumela omuhle wokuxuba kanye nokuxuba okufanele.
(1) Ukufaniswa kwezinhlayiya
I-billet (udaka) ingenziwa umkhiqizo onobuningi obukhulu kakhulu ngokukhetha ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya okunengqondo. Ngokwethiyori, kwahlolwa i-sphere enobukhulu obulodwa enamasentimitha ahlukene nezinto ezahlukene, futhi ubukhulu bobuningi babufana cishe. Kunoma ikuphi, ubuncane babungu-38% ± 1%. Ngakho-ke, ebholeni enobukhulu obulodwa, ubukhulu bayo kanye nobuncane bayo akuxhomekile kubukhulu bebhola kanye nezakhiwo zezinto, futhi kuhlala kubekwe ngesimo esinonxande ngenombolo yokuxhumanisa engu-8.
Indlela yokubeka inqwaba yethiyori yenhlayiya eyodwa enobukhulu obufanayo ine-cube, ikholomu eyodwa eqondile, ikholomu eqondile ehlanganisiwe, isimo se-pyramidal, kanye ne-tetrahedron. Izindlela ezahlukene zokubeka inqwaba yesikhala esifanayo ziboniswe ku-Fig. 24. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwendlela yokufaka inqwaba yenhlayiya eyodwa kanye ne-porosity buboniswe kuThebula 2-26.
Ukuze kwandiswe ubuningi bezinto ezibonakalayo futhi kuncishiswe i-porosity, kusetshenziswa i-sphere enobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezingalingani, okungukuthi, inani elithile lezinhlayiya ezincane liyangezwa ku-sphere enkulu ukuze kwandiswe ukwakheka kwe-sphere, futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kwevolumu ehlalwa yi-sphere kanye ne-porosity buboniswe kuthebula. 2-27.
Ngezithako ze-clinker, izinhlayiya eziqinile zingama-4.5 mm, izinhlayiya eziphakathi zingama-0.7 mm, izinhlayiya ezincane zingama-0.09 mm, kanti ushintsho lwe-clinker porosity ye-clinker luboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-5.
Kusukela kuMfanekiso 2-5, izinhlayiya eziqinile zingama-55% ~ 65%, izinhlayiya eziphakathi zingama-10% ~ 30%, kanti impuphu ecolekileyo ingu-15% ~ 30%. I-porosity ebonakalayo ingancishiswa ibe ngu-15.5%. Vele, izithako zezinto ezikhethekile eziphikisayo zingalungiswa ngokufanele ngokuya ngezakhiwo zomzimba kanye nesimo sezinhlayiya zezinto.
(2) I-ejenti yokubopha yemikhiqizo ekhethekile yokungaguquki
Kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezikhethekile zokuphikisa kanye nendlela yokubumba, izihlanganisi ezingasetshenziswa yilezi:
(1) Indlela yokuhlanganisa, i-gum arabic, i-polyvinyl butyral, i-hydrazine methyl cellulose, i-sodium acrylate, i-sodium alginate, nokunye okunjalo.
(2) Indlela yokucindezela, okuhlanganisa amafutha okugcoba, ama-glycol,
I-Polyvinyl alcohol, i-methyl cellulose, isitashi, i-dextrin, i-maltose kanye ne-glycerin.
(3) Indlela yokufaka i-hot wax, izihlanganisi yilezi: i-paraffin wax, i-beewax, izinto zokugcoba: i-oleic acid, i-glycerin, i-stearic acid nokunye okunjalo.
(4) Indlela yokukhipha, i-ejenti yokubopha: i-methyl cellulose, i-ethyl cellulose, i-cellulose acetate, i-polyvinyl butyral, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-acrylic; i-plasticizer: i-polyethylene glycol, i-dioctane I-Phosphoric acid, i-dibutyl peroxide, njll.; i-ejenti yokusabalalisa: i-glycerin, i-oleic acid; i-solvent: i-ethanol, i-acetone, i-toluene, nokunye okunjalo.
(5) Indlela yokujova, i-thermoplastic resin polyethylene, i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene, i-acetyl cellulose, i-propylene resin, njll., ingashisa ne-phenolic resin eqinile; i-lubricant: i-stearic acid.
(6) Indlela yokucindezela i-isostatic, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-methyl cellulose, kusetshenziswa uketshezi lwe-sulfite pulp waste, i-phosphate kanye nosawoti ongaphili lapho kwenziwa ama-pellets.
(7) Indlela yokucindezela, i-methyl cellulose, i-dextrin, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, isiraphu noma usawoti ohlukahlukene we-inorganic; i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-methyl cellulose, i-gum arabic, i-dextrin noma usawoti we-inorganic kanye ne-inorganic acid, njenge-phosphoric acid noma i-phosphates.
(3) Izingxube zemikhiqizo ekhethekile yokungawunaki
Ukuze uthuthukise izakhiwo ezithile zemikhiqizo ekhethekile yokuphikisa, lawula ukuguqulwa kwesimo sekristalu sento, wehlise izinga lokushisa lokudubula lento, bese wengeza inani elincane lokuxubana efulethini. Lezi zingxube ikakhulukazi ama-metal oxide, ama-non-metal oxide, ama-rare earth metal oxides, ama-fluoride, ama-boride nama-phosphates. Isibonelo, ukwengeza i-1% ~ 3% boric acid (H2BO3) ku-γ-Al2O3 kungakhuthaza ukuguqulwa. Ukwengezwa kwe-1% kuya ku-2% TiO2 ku-Al2O3 kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa lokudubula (cishe ngo-1600 ° C). Ukwengezwa kwe-TiO2, Al2O3, ZiO2, kanye ne-V2O5 ku-MgO kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezinhlayiya ze-cristobalite futhi kwehlisa izinga lokushisa lokudubula lomkhiqizo. Ukwengezwa kwe-CaO, i-MgO, i-Y2O3 nezinye izithasiselo ezintweni eziluhlaza ze-ZrO2 kungenziwa kube yisisombululo esiqinile se-zirconia esiqinile kusukela ekushiseni kwegumbi kuya ku-2000 °C ngemva kokwelashwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
(4) Indlela kanye nemishini yokuxuba
Indlela yokuxuba eyomile
I-mixer enamandla ephikisanayo ekhiqizwe yiShandong Konyle inomthamo ongu-0.05 ~ 30m3, efanelekela ukuxuba izimpushana ezahlukahlukene, ama-granule, ama-flakes nezinto ezinciphile, futhi ifakwe idivayisi yokufaka uketshezi kanye nokufutha.
2. Indlela yokuxuba ngamanzi
Ngendlela evamile yokuxuba okumanzi, izithako zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene zifakwa ku-planetary mixer efakwe i-liner evikelayo yokugaya kahle. Ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-slurry, i-plasticizer nezinye izingxube ziyangezwa ukuze kulungiswe ubuningi bodaka, bese ingxube ixutshwa kahle ku-vertical shaft planetary mud mixer, bese i-granulated bese yomiswa ku-spray granulation dryer.
Umxube weplanethi
3. Indlela yokuhlanganisa ipulasitiki
Ukuze kukhiqizwe indlela yokuhlanganisa eguquguqukayo kakhulu yomkhiqizo okhethekile ongenakunyakaziswa ofanele ukwakheka kwepulasitiki noma ukwakheka kodaka. Kule ndlela, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene, izingxube, amapulasitiki, kanye nezinto zokugcoba namanzi kuhlanganiswa kahle ku-mixer yeplanethi, bese kuhlanganiswa futhi kuhlanganiswa ku-mixer esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze kususwe amabhamuza odakeni. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kodaka, udaka luxutshwa nezinto ezidala, bese udaka luhlanganiswa nokuxuba okwesibili emshinini wobumba ngaphambi kokubumba. I-Koneile ikhiqiza abaxubi abasebenza kahle kakhulu nabanamandla njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi:
Umxubi osebenza kahle futhi onamandla
Isixubi se-countercurrent
4. Indlela yokuxuba eyomile kancane
Kufanelekela izindlela zokuxuba ezinomswakama ophansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuxuba eyomile kancane kuyadingeka emikhiqizweni ekhethekile ephikisayo eyakhiwe ngomshini ngezithako ezihlanganisiwe (izithako ezimahhadlahhadla, eziphakathi nendawo nezincane ezinezigaba ezintathu). Izithako zenziwa ku-sand mixer, umshini wokugaya omanzi, i-planetary mixer noma i-forced mixer.
Inqubo yokuxuba iwukuba uqale uxube izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-granule ngokomisa, ungeze isisombululo samanzi esiqukethe i-binder (engeyona into ephilayo noma engokwemvelo), bese ufaka i-powder exubile (kufaka phakathi i-combustion aid, i-expansion agent, nezinye izithasiselo). I-agent) ixutshwe kahle. Isikhathi sokuxuba esijwayelekile singamaminithi angu-20 ~ 30. Udaka oluxubile kufanele luvimbele ukuhlukaniswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya futhi amanzi kufanele asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo. Uma kudingeka, izinto zodaka kufanele ziboshwe kahle ngesikhathi sokubumba.
Umswakama wodaka lomkhiqizo owenziwe ngokucindezela ulawulwa ku-2.5% kuya ku-4%; umswakama womkhiqizo owenziwe ngodaka ulawulwa ku-4.5% kuya ku-6.5%; kanti umswakama womkhiqizo owenziwe ngomumo odlidlizayo ulawulwa ku-6% kuya ku-8%.
(1) Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe kochungechunge lwe-CMP lwabaxubi beplanethi abasebenzisa amandla kahle abakhiqizwe yiKone.
(2) Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe komxube wesihlabathi esimanzi
5. Indlela yokuxuba udaka
Indlela yokuxuba udaka iwukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ekhethekile ye-ceramic engaphikisi, ikakhulukazi udaka oluyimfucuza lokubumba i-gypsum, ukubumba i-casting kanye nokubumba i-injection. Indlela yokusebenza ukuxuba izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene, izinto zokuqinisa, izinto zokubopha, izinto zokuxuba kanye no-30% kuya ku-40% wamanzi ahlanzekile ku-ball mill (mixing mill) ene-lining engagugi, bese uxuba bese ugaya ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. , kwenziwe udaka oluyimfucuza lokubumba. Enkambisweni yokwenza udaka, kuyadingeka ukulawula ubuningi kanye ne-pH yodaka ngokwezici zezinto kanye nezidingo zodaka oluyimfucuza ngokwalo.
Isixubi esinamandla esiphikisanayo
Imishini eyinhloko esetshenziswa endleleni yokuxuba udaka umshini wokugaya ibhola, umshini wokomisa umoya, ukususwa kwensimbi emanzi, ipompo yodaka, umshini wokususa ukungcola nge-vacuum, nokunye okunjalo.
6. Indlela yokuxuba ukushisa
Izihlanganisi ezisekelwe ku-paraffin kanye ne-resin ziyizinto eziqinile (noma eziqinile) ekushiseni okuvamile, futhi azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa ekushiseni kwegumbi, futhi kumele zifudunyezwe futhi zixutshwe.
I-parafini isetshenziswa njenge-binder uma kusetshenziswa inqubo yokubumba i-hot die. Ngenxa yokuthi iphuzu lokuncibilika kwe-paraffin wax lingu-60~80 °C, i-paraffin wax ishiswa ibe ngaphezu kuka-100 °C ekuxubeni futhi inomswakama omuhle. Ngemuva kwalokho i-fine powder eluhlaza ifakwa ku-liquid paraffin, futhi ngemva kokuxuba nokuxuba ngokuphelele, i-material iyalungiswa. Ikhekhe le-wax lenziwa nge-hot die casting.
Imishini eyinhloko yokuxuba yokufudumeza ingxube iyisivuseleli esishisayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-20-2018
