Uninzi lwezinto ezikrwada zezinto ezikrwada zezezinto ezingezizo ezeplastiki zeze-bismuth, kwaye kunzima ukuzicubungula zibe ziimveliso ezigqityiweyo ngokwazo. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-organic binder yangaphandle okanye i-inorganic binder okanye i-mixed binder. Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo ezikrwada ezikrwada zifakwa kwiibatch ezingqongqo nezichanekileyo ukuze kwenziwe izinto zodaka ezinokusasazwa kweesuntswana ezifanayo, ukusasazwa kwamanzi okufanayo, i-plasticity ethile kunye neemveliso ezilula ukwakheka kunye nezingagqitywanga ngokupheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukwamkela inkqubo yemveliso esebenza kakuhle, isiphumo esihle sokuxuba kunye nokuxuba okufanelekileyo.
(1) Ukuthelekiswa kwamasuntswana
I-billet (udaka) ingenziwa ibe yimveliso enobuninzi obukhulu ngokukhetha ukwakheka kwamasuntswana afanelekileyo. Ngokwethiyori, i-sphere enobukhulu obunye yee-intshi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo yavavanywa, kwaye ubunzima bobuninzi babufana phantse. Nokuba kunjalo, ubumdaka babuyi-38% ± 1%. Ke ngoko, kwibhola enobukhulu obunye, ubunzima bayo kunye nobumdaka bayo abuxhomekekanga kubukhulu bebhola kunye neempawu zezinto, kwaye zihlala zibekwe ngendlela ye-hexagonal enenombolo yokudibanisa eyi-8.
Indlela yokubeka i-theory ye-particle enye enobukhulu obufanayo ine-cube, ikholamu enye e-oblique, ikholamu e-composite oblique, i-pyramidal shape, kunye ne-tetrahedron. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubeka i-stacking ze-sphere enobukhulu obufanayo ziboniswe kwiFig. 24. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwendlela yokufaka i-single particles kunye ne-porosity buboniswe kwiTheyibhile 2-26.
Ukuze kwandiswe ubuninzi bezinto kunye nokunciphisa i-porosity, kusetyenziswa i-sphere enobukhulu obungalinganiyo be-particle, oko kukuthi, inani elithile le-sphere ezincinci zongezwa kwi-sphere enkulu ukwandisa ukwakheka kwe-sphere, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi komthamo ohlala kwi-sphere kunye ne-porosity buboniswe kwitheyibhile. 2-27.
Ngezithako ze-clinker, amasuntswana arhabaxa ayi-4.5 mm, amasuntswana aphakathi ayi-0.7 mm, amasuntswana amancinci ayi-0.09 mm, kwaye utshintsho lwe-clinker porosity ye-clinker luboniswe kuMfanekiso 2-5.
Ukususela kuMfanekiso 2-5, amasuntswana arhabaxa angama-55% ~ 65%, amasuntswana aphakathi angama-10% ~ 30%, kwaye umgubo ocolekileyo yi-15% ~ 30%. I-porosity ebonakalayo ingancitshiswa ibe yi-15.5%. Kakade ke, izithako zezinto ezikhethekileyo ezichasayo zinokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokweempawu zomzimba kunye nesimo samasuntswana ezinto.
(2) Iarhente yokubopha iimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezichaseneyo
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ezikhethekileyo ezichasayo kunye nendlela yokubumba, izibophelelo ezinokusetyenziswa zezi:
(1) Indlela yokugquma, i-gum arabic, i-polyvinyl butyral, i-hydrazine methyl cellulose, i-sodium acrylate, i-sodium alginate, nezinye izinto ezinjalo.
(2) Indlela yokucudisa, kuquka izinto zokuthambisa, iiglycols,
I-Polyvinyl alcohol, i-methyl cellulose, istatshi, i-dextrin, i-maltose kunye ne-glycerin.
(3) Indlela yokufaka i-wax eshushu, ezi zibophelelo zezi: i-paraffin wax, i-beewax, izinto zokuthambisa: i-oleic acid, i-glycerin, i-stearic acid nezinye izinto ezinjalo.
(4) Indlela yokuphosa, iarhente yokubopha: i-methyl cellulose, i-ethyl cellulose, i-cellulose acetate, i-polyvinyl butyral, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-acrylic; i-plasticizer: i-polyethylene glycol, i-dioctane I-Phosphoric acid, i-dibutyl peroxide, njl.njl.; iarhente yokusasaza: i-glycerin, i-oleic acid; i-solvent: i-ethanol, i-acetone, i-toluene, nezinye izinto ezifana nayo.
(5) Indlela yokufaka inaliti, i-thermoplastic resin polyethylene, i-polystyrene, i-polypropylene, i-acetyl cellulose, i-propylene resin, njl.njl., isenokufudumeza i-phenolic resin eqinileyo; i-lubricant: i-stearic acid.
(6) Indlela yokucinezela i-isostatic, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-methyl cellulose, kusetyenziswa i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-phosphate kunye nezinye iityuwa ezingaphiliyo xa kusenziwa ii-pellets.
(7) Indlela yokucinezela, i-methyl cellulose, i-dextrin, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, isiraphu okanye iityuwa ezahlukeneyo ze-inorganic; i-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-methyl cellulose, i-gum arabic, i-dextrin okanye iityuwa ze-inorganic kunye ne-inorganic acid, ezifana ne-phosphoric acid okanye ii-phosphates.
(3) Izixube zeemveliso ezikhethekileyo ezichasene ne-refractory
Ukuze kuphuculwe iipropati ezithile zeemveliso ezikhethekileyo ezichasene ne-refractory, lawula ukuguqulwa kwe-crystal form yento, unciphise ubushushu bokudubula kwento, kwaye wongeze inani elincinci lomxube kwi-furnish. Ezi zinto zixutywayo ikakhulu zii-metal oxides, ii-non-metal oxides, ii-rare earth metal oxides, ii-fluorides, ii-borides kunye nee-phosphates. Umzekelo, ukongeza i-1% ~ 3% ye-boric acid (H2BO3) kwi-γ-Al2O3 kunokukhuthaza ukuguqulwa. Ukongezwa kwe-1% ukuya kwi-2% ye-TiO2 kwi-Al2O3 kunokunciphisa kakhulu ubushushu bokudubula (malunga ne-1600 ° C). Ukongezwa kwe-TiO2, Al2O3, ZiO2, kunye ne-V2O5 kwi-MgO kukhuthaza ukukhula kweenkozo ze-cristobalite kwaye kunciphisa ubushushu bokudubula kwemveliso. Ukongezwa kweCaO, MgO, Y2O3 kunye nezinye izongezo kwizinto eziluhlaza zeZrO2 kungenziwa isisombululo esiqinileyo se-cubic zirconia esizinzileyo ukusuka kubushushu begumbi ukuya kwi-2000 °C emva konyango lobushushu obuphezulu.
(4) Indlela kunye nezixhobo zokuxuba
Indlela yokuxuba eyomileyo
Umxube we-countercurrent oqinileyo odityanisiweyo owenziwe yiShandong Konyle unomthamo we-0.05 ~ 30m3, ofanelekileyo ekuxubeni iipowder ezahlukeneyo, iigranules, iiflakes kunye nezinto ezixineneyo, kwaye uxhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokongeza nokufaka ulwelo.
2. Indlela yokuxuba ngamanzi
Kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokuxuba ngamanzi, izithako zezinto ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza zifakwa kwi-planetary mixer exhotyiswe nge-liner yokukhusela ukuze igutywe kakuhle. Emva kokuba kwenziwe i-slurry, kongezwa i-plasticizer kunye nezinye izinto ezidityanisiweyo ukuze kulungiswe uxinano lodaka, kwaye umxube uxutywe kakuhle kwi-vertical shaft planetary mud mixer, kwaye uqokelelwe kwaye womiswe kwi-spray granulation dryer.
Umxube weeplanethi
3. Indlela yokwenza iplastiki ibe yingxubevange
Ukuze kuveliswe indlela yokwenza izinto ezidityanisiweyo kakhulu kwimveliso ekhethekileyo engenanto efanelekileyo yokwenza iplastiki okanye ukwenza udaka. Kule ndlela, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezikrwada, izinto ezidityanisiweyo, izinto zokucoca, izinto zokucoca, kunye nezinto zokuthambisa kunye namanzi zixutywa kakuhle kwi-planetary mixer, emva koko zixutywe kwaye zixutywe kwi-mixer esebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukususa amaqamza eludakeni. Ukuze kuphuculwe i-plasticity yodaka, udaka luxutywa nezinto ezidala, kwaye udaka luxutywa okwesibini kumatshini wodongwe ngaphambi kokuba lubunjwe. I-Koneile ivelisa izinto zokuxuba ezisebenzayo nezinamandla njengoko kubonisiwe ngezantsi:
Umxubi osebenzayo nonamandla
Umxube we-countercurrent
4. Indlela yokuxuba eyomileyo kancinci
Ifanelekile kwiindlela zokuxuba ezinomswakama omncinci. Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yokuxuba eyomileyo kancinci kuyafuneka kwiimveliso ezikhethekileyo ezirhabaxa ezenziwe ngomatshini ngezithako ezirhabaxa (izithako ezirhabaxa, eziphakathi nezicolekileyo ezinezigaba ezintathu). Izithako zenziwa kumxube wesanti, umatshini wokugaya omanzi, umxube weplanethi okanye umxube ophoqelelweyo.
Inkqubo yokuxuba kukuqala ngokuxuba amabakala ahlukeneyo eegranules, ukongeza isisombululo samanzi esine-binder (esingabonakaliyo okanye esiphilayo), kwaye ungeze umgubo ocolekileyo oxutyiweyo (kubandakanya isixhobo sokutshisa, i-expansion agent, kunye nezinye izongezo). I-agent) ixutywe kakuhle. Ixesha lokuxuba ngokubanzi yi-20 ~ 30min. Udaka oluxutyiweyo kufuneka luthintele ukwahlulwahlulwa kobukhulu beesuntswana kwaye amanzi kufuneka asasazwe ngokulinganayo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, izinto zodaka kufuneka zibanjwe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokubumba.
Umthamo wokufuma wemveliso eyenziwe ngoxinzelelo ulawulwa kwi-2.5% ukuya kwi-4%; umxholo wokufuma wemveliso eyenziwe ngoxinzelelo ulawulwa kwi-4.5% ukuya kwi-6.5%; kwaye umxholo wokufuma wemveliso eyenziwe ngoxinzelelo ulawulwa kwi-6% ukuya kwi-8%.
(1) Ukusebenza kobugcisa kochungechunge lwe-CMP lwabaxubi beeplanethi abasebenzisa amandla kakuhle abaveliswe yiKone.
(2) Ukusebenza kobuchwephesha komxube wesanti emanzi
5. Indlela yokuxuba udaka
Indlela yokuxuba udaka yenzelwe ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikhethekileyo zeseramikhi ezingafunekiyo, ngakumbi udaka olumdaka lokubumba i-gypsum injection, ukubumba i-casting kunye nokubumba i-injection. Indlela yokusebenza kukuxuba izinto ezahlukeneyo, ii-reinforcement agents, ii-suspending agents, ii-admixtures kunye ne-30% ukuya kwi-40% yamanzi acocekileyo kwi-ball mill (i-mixing mill) ene-lining engagugiyo, kwaye uxube kwaye ucole emva kwexesha elithile. , yenziwe ibe ludaka olumdaka lokubumba. Kwinkqubo yokwenza udaka, kuyimfuneko ukulawula uxinano kunye ne-pH yodaka ngokweempawu zezinto kunye neemfuno zodaka olubumba ngokwalo.
Umxubi onamandla ochasene nomsinga
Izixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwindlela yokuxuba udaka yibhola yokusila, i-air compressor, i-wet iron removal, i-dag pump, i-vacuum deaerator, nezinye izinto ezinjalo.
6. Indlela yokuxuba ngokufudumeza
Izibopheleli ezisekelwe kwiparafini kunye neresin zizinto eziqinileyo (okanye ezixineneyo) kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, kwaye azinakuxutywa kubushushu begumbi, kwaye kufuneka zifudunyezwe kwaye zidityaniswe.
Iparafini isetyenziswa njengesihlanganisi xa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokuphosa idayi eshushu. Ngenxa yokuba iqondo lokunyibilika kwedayi yeparafini liyi-60~80 °C, idayi yeparafini ifudunyezwa ibe ngaphezu kwe-100 °C xa ixutywa kwaye inobumanzi obuhle. Emva koko umgubo ocolekileyo wongezwa kwiparafini engamanzi, kwaye emva kokuxuba ngokupheleleyo, izinto ziyalungiswa. Ikhekhe ledayi yenziwe ngedayi eshushu.
Izixhobo eziphambili zokuxuba ukufudumeza umxube sisishukumisi esishushu.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-20-2018
