Ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi mata o ngā rauemi ātete he rauemi bismuth kore-kirihou, ā, he uaua ki te tukatuka i a rātou anō hei hua haurua-oti. Nō reira, me whakamahi he hononga rauropi o waho, he hononga kore-rauropi rānei, he hononga ranu rānei. Ko ngā rauemi mata ātete motuhake ka tukuna ki te puranga tino tika me te tika kia puta ai he rauemi paru me te tohatoha matūriki ōrite, te tohatoha wai ōrite, te āhua kirihou me te ngāwari ki te hanga me ngā hua haurua-oti. Me whakamahi i tētahi tukanga whakaputa he tino whai hua, he pai te pānga whakaranu me te whakaranu tika.
(1) Te whakataurite i ngā matūriki
Ka taea te hanga i te paru (para) hei hua me te matotoru nui rawa mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi hanganga matūriki whaitake. I roto i te ariā, i whakamatautauria he porowhita kotahi te rahi o ngā inihi rerekē me ngā rauemi rerekē, ā, tata rite tonu te matotoru. Ahakoa pēhea, ko te porowhita he 38% ± 1%. Nō reira, mō tētahi pōro kotahi te rahi, ko tōna matotoru me te porowhita kāore e pā ki te rahi o te pōro me ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi, ā, ka whakarārangihia tonutia ki te āhua hexagonal me te tau taunga o te 8.
Ko te tikanga tāpae ariā o tētahi matūriki kotahi o te rahi kotahi he poraka, he pou whakarara kotahi, he pou whakarara whakakotahi, he āhua piramiti, me te tetrahedron. Kei te Whakaahua 24 ngā momo tikanga tāpae o te porowhita kotahi te rahi. Kei te Ripanga 2-26 te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tikanga whakatakotoranga o ngā matūriki takitahi me te porowhita.
Hei whakanui ake i te matotoru o te rauemi, hei whakaiti hoki i te porowhita, ka whakamahia he porowhita kāore i te ōrite te rahi o te matūriki, arā, ka tāpirihia he maha o ngā porowhita iti ki te porowhita nui hei whakanui ake i te hanganga o te porowhita, ā, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te rōrahi e nohoia ana e te porowhita me te porowhita ka whakaaturia i roto i te ripanga. 2-27.
Mō ngā kai o te kinker, ko te matotoru o ngā matūriki taratara he 4.5 mm, ko ngā matūriki waenga he 0.7 mm, ko ngā matūriki angiangi he 0.09 mm, ā, ko te huringa o te pūngao o te kinker e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2-5.
Mai i te Pikitia 2-5, ko ngā matūriki matotoru he 55% ~ 65%, ko ngā matūriki waenga he 10% ~ 30%, ā, ko te paura pai he 15% ~ 30%. Ka taea te whakaiti i te porosity kitea ki te 15.5%. Ko te tikanga, ka taea te whakarite tika i ngā kai o ngā rauemi ātete motuhake kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te āhua o te matūriki o ngā rauemi.
(2) He mea here mō ngā hua ātete wera motuhake
I runga anō i te momo rauemi ātete motuhake me te tikanga whakahāngai, ko ngā here ka taea te whakamahi ko:
(1) Te tikanga whakakī, te kapia arapi, te polyvinyl butyral, te hydrazine methyl cellulose, te konutai acrylate, te konutai alginate, me ērā atu mea pera.
(2) Te tikanga kōmi, tae atu ki ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, ngā glycol,
Te waipiro polyvinyl, te methyl cellulose, te māngaro, te dextrin, te maltose me te glycerin.
(3) Te tikanga werohanga ware wera, ko ngā mea here ko: ware parawini, ware pi, ngā hinu whakahinuhinu: waikawa oleic, glycerin, waikawa stearic me ērā atu.
(4) Tikanga whakarewa, kaihoko here: methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic; plasticizer: polyethylene glycol, dioctane Phosphoric acid, dibutyl peroxide, me ētahi atu; kaihoko whakamarara: glycerin, waikawa oleic; whakarewa: etanoru, acetone, toluene, me ērā atu.
(5) Te tikanga werohanga, ka taea hoki te whakamahana i te kapia kirihou wera polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, acetyl cellulose, propylene kapia, me ētahi atu, te kapia phenolic mārō; te hinu whakahinuhinu: te waikawa stearic.
(6) Te tikanga pēhi isostatic, te waipiro polyvinyl, te methyl cellulose, te whakamahi i te wai para penupenu whanariki, te phosphate me ētahi atu tote inorganic i te wā e hanga ana i ngā pire.
(7) Te tikanga pēhi, te methyl cellulose, te dextrin, te waipiro polyvinyl, te wai para penupenu whanariki, te tirikara, ngā tote kore-waro rānei; te wai para penupenu whanariki, te methyl cellulose, te kāpia arapi, te dextrin, ngā tote waikawa kore-waro me te kore-waro rānei, pērā i te waikawa phosphoric, te phosphates rānei.
(3) Ngā ranunga mō ngā hua ātete wera motuhake
Hei whakapai ake i ētahi āhuatanga o ngā hua ātete-waikawa motuhake, whakahaeretia te hurihanga āhua tioata o te taonga, whakaitihia te pāmahana tahunga o te taonga, me te tāpiri i tētahi iti o te ranunga ki te taonga. Ko ēnei ranunga he waikura whakarewa, he waikura kore-whakarewa, he waikura whakarewa whenua onge, he fluoride, he boride me he phosphates. Hei tauira, mā te tāpiri i te 1% ~ 3% waikawa boric (H2BO3) ki te γ-Al2O3 ka taea te whakatairanga i te hurihanga. Mā te tāpiri i te 1% ki te 2% TiO2 ki te Al2O3 ka taea te whakaiti nui i te pāmahana tahunga (tata ki te 1600 °C). Mā te tāpiri o te TiO2, Al2O3, ZiO2, me te V2O5 ki te MgO ka whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā pata cristobalite me te whakaheke i te pāmahana tahunga o te hua. Mā te tāpiri o te CaO, MgO, Y2O3 me ētahi atu tāpiri ki te rauemi mata ZrO2 ka taea te hanga hei otinga totoka zirconia cubic e pumau ana mai i te pāmahana rūma ki te 2000 °C i muri i te maimoatanga pāmahana teitei.
(4) Tikanga me ngā taputapu mō te whakaranu
Tikanga whakaranu maroke
Ko te rōrahi o te mīhini whakaranu au-whakahē kaha i hangaia e Shandong Konyle he 0.05 ~ 30m3, he pai mō te whakaranu i ngā paura, ngā kirikiri, ngā kirikiri me ngā rauemi iti-matao, ā, he taputapu tāpiri me te rehu wai kei roto.
2. Tikanga whakaranu mākū
I roto i te tikanga whakaranu mākū tuku iho, ka whakanohoia ngā kai o ngā rauemi mata ki roto i tētahi mīhini whakaranu aorangi kua rite ki tētahi arai tiaki hei huri pai. I muri i te hanganga o te paraoa pokepoke, ka tāpirihia he mea hanga kirihou me ētahi atu ranunga hei whakatika i te matotoru o te paru, ā, ka whakaranua pai te ranunga ki roto i tētahi mīhini whakaranu paru aorangi poutū, ā, ka whakapūkaratia, ka whakamarokehia ki roto i tētahi whakamaroke rehu.
Ranu aorangi
3. Tikanga whakaranu kirihou
Hei whakaputa i tētahi tikanga whakaranu tino maha ngā mahi mō tētahi parakihe hua ātete-wai motuhake e tika ana mō te hanga kirihou, te hanga paru rānei. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka whakaranua pai ngā rauemi mata, ngā mea tāpiri, ngā mea whakapūmau kirihou, me ngā hinu whakahinuhinu me te wai ki runga i tētahi mīhini whakaranu aorangi, kātahi ka whakaranua, ka whakaranua ki runga i tētahi mīhini whakaranu kaha-teitei hei tango i ngā mirumiru i roto i te paru. Hei whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te paru, ka whakaranua te paru ki te rauemi tawhito, ā, ka tukuna te paru ki te whakaranu tuarua ki runga i te mīhini uku i mua i te whakahāngai. Ka hangaia e Koneile ngā mīhini whakaranu kaha-teitei, kaha hoki e whakaaturia ana i raro nei:
He whakaranu whai hua, kaha hoki
Ranu aukume
4. Tikanga whakaranu maroke-haurua
He pai mō ngā tikanga whakaranu he iti te makuku. Me whakamahi te tikanga whakaranu haurua-maroke mō ngā hua ātete-hau motuhake e hangaia ana e te mīhini mā te whakamahi i ngā kai kirikiri (ngā kai matotoru, ngā kai waenga me ngā kai pai e toru ngā wāhanga). Ka mahia ngā kai i roto i te mīhini whakaranu onepu, i te mira maku, i te mīhini whakaranu aorangi, i te mīhini whakaranu ā-kaha rānei.
Ko te tukanga whakaranu ko te whakamaroke i ngā momo kirikiri rerekē, tāpirihia te wai kei roto te mea here (kore-waro, mea waro rānei), kātahi ka tāpirihia te paura pai kua whakaranua (tae atu ki te āwhina mura, te kaihoko whakawhānui, me ētahi atu tāpiringa). Ka whakaranua pai te kirikiri. Ko te roa o te whakaranu he 20 ~ 30 meneti. Me ārai te paru kua whakaranua i te wehewehe i te rahi o te matūriki, ā, me tohatoha ōrite te wai. Mena e tika ana, me mau tika te rauemi paru i te wā e hangaia ana.
Ko te nui o te makuku o te paru hua i hangaia i te pēhi ka whakahaeretia i te 2.5% ki te 4%; ko te nui o te makuku o te hua i hangaia i te āhua paru ka whakahaeretia i te 4.5% ki te 6.5%; ā, ko te nui o te makuku o te hua i hangaia i te wiri ka whakahaeretia i te 6% ki te 8%.
(1) Te mahi hangarau o te raupapa CMP o ngā mīhini whakaranu aorangi whai hua i hangaia e Kone.
(2) Te mahi hangarau o te mīhini whakaranu onepu mākū
5. Tikanga whakaranu paru
Ko te tikanga whakaranu paru he mea hanga mō te hanga i ngā hua uku ātete-wai, inā koa te paru paru mō te hanga werohanga gypsum, te hanga whakarewa me te hanga werohanga. Ko te tikanga whakahaere he whakaranu i ngā rauemi mata, ngā kaihoko whakapakari, ngā kaihoko whakatārewatanga, ngā mea tāpiri me te 30% ki te 40% o te wai ma ki roto i te mira pōro (mira whakaranu) me te arai ātete-kakahu, ā, ka whakaranua, ka huri i muri i tētahi wā. , ka hangaia hei paru paru mō te hanga. I roto i te tukanga hanga paru, me whakahaere te mātotoru me te pH o te paru kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi me ngā whakaritenga o te hanga paru.
Ranu kaha ā-aukati
Ko ngā taputapu matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te tikanga whakaranu paru he mira pōro, he pēhi hau, he tango rino mākū, he papu paru, he tango korehau, me ērā atu mea pera.
6. Tikanga whakaranu whakamahana
He matū totoka (he matotoru rānei) ngā here parawini me te kapia i te pāmahana noa, ā, kāore e taea te whakaranu i te pāmahana rūma, me whakamahana me te whakaranu.
Ka whakamahia te parafini hei here i te wā e whakamahia ana te tukanga whakarewa wera. Nā te mea ko te pāmahana rewa o te ware parafini he 60~80 °C, ka whakamahanahia te ware parafini ki runga ake i te 100 °C i te wā e whakaranua ana, ā, he pai te rere. Kātahi ka tāpirihia te paura mata pai ki te parafini wai, ā, i muri i te whakaranu me te whakaranu katoa, ka whakaritea te rauemi. Ka hangaia te keke ware mā te whakarewa wera.
Ko te taputapu whakaranu matua mō te whakamahana i te ranunga he mīhini whakaoho wera.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-20-2018
