Zipangizo zambiri zopangira zinthu zotsutsana ndi pulasitiki ndi za zinthu za bismuth zomwe sizili zapulasitiki, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza zokha kukhala zinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chomangira chakunja chachilengedwe kapena chomangira chosapangidwa ndi organic kapena chomangira chosakanizidwa. Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapadera zopangira zotsutsana ndi matope zimayikidwa m'magulu okhwima komanso olondola kuti apange zinthu zamatope zokhala ndi kugawa kwa tinthu tofanana, kugawa madzi mofanana, kupangika kwapadera komanso zinthu zosavuta kupanga komanso zomalizidwa pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira yogwira ntchito bwino, zotsatira zabwino zosakaniza komanso kusakaniza koyenera.
(1) Kufananiza tinthu tating'onoting'ono
Chipolopolo (matope) chingapangidwe kukhala chinthu chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu posankha tinthu toyenera. Mwachidziwitso, bwalo la kukula kumodzi la mainchesi osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana linayesedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu kunali kofanana. Mulimonsemo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu kunali 38% ± 1%. Chifukwa chake, pa mpira wa kukula kumodzi, kuchuluka kwake kwa zinthu ndi kuchuluka kwake sizidalira kukula kwa mpirawo ndi zinthu zake, ndipo nthawi zonse zimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a hexagonal ndi nambala yolumikizirana ya 8.
Njira yophunzirira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofanana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono, kolala imodzi yopingasa, kolala yopingasa yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi, ndi tetrahedron. Njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi kukula kofanana zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 24. Ubale pakati pa njira yopangira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi porosity ukuwonetsedwa mu Table 2-26.
Pofuna kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma porosity, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosafanana timagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutanthauza kuti, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timawonjezedwa ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuti tiwonjezere kapangidwe ka tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo ubale pakati pa voliyumu yomwe ili mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ma porosity ukuwonetsedwa patebulo. 2-27.
Ndi zosakaniza za clinker, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi 4.5 mm, tinthu tapakati ndi 0.7 mm, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi 0.09 mm, ndipo kusintha kwa clinker porosity kwa clinker kwawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2-5.
Kuchokera pa Chithunzi 2-5, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi 55% ~ 65%, tinthu tapakati ndi 10% ~ 30%, ndipo ufa wosalala ndi 15% ~ 30%. Ma porosity owoneka bwino akhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika pa 15.5%. Zachidziwikire, zosakaniza za zinthu zapadera zotsutsa zitha kusinthidwa moyenera malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu ta zinthuzo.
(2) Chogwirizira chogwirizanitsa zinthu zapadera zotsutsa
Kutengera mtundu wa zinthu zapadera zotsutsa komanso njira yopangira, zomangira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi izi:
(1) Njira yopangira grouting, gum arabic, polyvinyl butyral, hydrazine methyl cellulose, sodium acrylate, sodium alginate, ndi zina zotero.
(2) Njira yofinyira, kuphatikizapo mafuta odzola, ma glycol,
Mowa wa polyvinyl, methyl cellulose, wowuma, dextrin, maltose ndi glycerin.
(3) Njira yothira sera yotentha, zomangira zake ndi izi: sera ya parafini, sera ya njuchi, mafuta odzola: asidi ya oleic, glycerin, asidi ya stearic ndi zina zotero.
(4) Njira yopangira zinthu, chogwirira ntchito: methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic; plasticizer: polyethylene glycol, dioctane Phosphoric acid, dibutyl peroxide, ndi zina zotero; chogwirira ntchito chogawa: glycerin, oleic acid; solvent: ethanol, acetone, toluene, ndi zina zotero.
(5) Njira yobayira, utomoni wa thermoplastic polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, acetyl cellulose, propylene resin, ndi zina zotero, zimathanso kutentha utomoni wolimba wa phenolic; mafuta odzola: stearic acid.
(6) Njira yokanikiza ya isostatic, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, pogwiritsa ntchito sulfite pulp waste liquid, phosphate ndi mchere wina wosapangidwa popanga ma pellets.
(7) Njira yosindikizira, methyl cellulose, dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, sulfite pulp waste liquid, madzi amadzimadzi kapena mchere wosiyanasiyana wa inorganic; sulfite pulp waste liquid, methyl cellulose, gum arabic, dextrin kapena inorganic ndi inorganic acid salts, monga phosphoric acid kapena phosphates.
(3) Zosakaniza za zinthu zapadera zotsutsa
Pofuna kukonza zinthu zina zapadera zotsutsa, wongolerani kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a kristalo a chinthucho, chepetsani kutentha kwa chinthucho, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kusakaniza ku furnish. Zosakaniza izi makamaka ndi zitsulo zosungunuka, zosungunuka zopanda zitsulo, zosungunuka zachitsulo zosungunuka, fluorides, borides ndi phosphates. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera 1% ~ 3% boric acid (H2BO3) ku γ-Al2O3 kungathandize kusintha. Kuwonjezera 1% mpaka 2% TiO2 ku Al2O3 kungachepetse kwambiri kutentha kwa moto (pafupifupi 1600 ° C). Kuwonjezera TiO2, Al2O3, ZiO2, ndi V2O5 ku MgO kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa tirigu wa cristobalite ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa moto kwa chinthucho. Kuwonjezera CaO, MgO, Y2O3 ndi zina zowonjezera ku ZrO2 zopangira kungapangidwe kukhala yankho lolimba la zirconia lomwe limakhala lokhazikika kuyambira kutentha kwa chipinda mpaka 2000 °C pambuyo pokonza kutentha kwambiri.
(4) Njira ndi zida zosakaniza
Njira yosakaniza youma
Chosakaniza champhamvu chosakanikirana ndi mphamvu chopangidwa ndi Shandong Konyle chili ndi voliyumu ya 0.05 ~ 30m3, choyenera kusakaniza ufa wosiyanasiyana, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zokhuthala pang'ono, ndipo chili ndi chipangizo chowonjezera ndi kupopera madzi.
2. Njira yosakaniza yonyowa
Mu njira yachikhalidwe yosakaniza zinthu zonyowa, zosakaniza za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa mu chosakanizira cha mapulaneti chokhala ndi chotetezera kuti chiperedwe bwino. Pambuyo poti matope apangidwa, pulasitiki ndi zinthu zina zosakaniza zimawonjezedwa kuti zisinthe kuchuluka kwa matope, ndipo chisakanizocho chimasakanizidwa bwino mu chosakanizira cha matope cha mapulaneti choyimirira, ndikudulidwa ndikuumitsidwa mu choumitsira cha granulation.
Chosakaniza cha mapulaneti
3. Njira yopangira pulasitiki
Pofuna kupanga njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu zopanda kanthu zoyenera kupanga pulasitiki kapena matope. Mu njira iyi, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira, zosakaniza, mapulasitiki, mafuta ndi madzi zimasakanizidwa bwino pa chosakanizira cha mapulaneti, kenako zimasakanizidwa ndikusakanizidwa pa chosakanizira champhamvu kwambiri kuti zichotse thovu m'matope. Pofuna kukonza pulasitiki ya matope, matope amasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zakale, ndipo matopewo amasakanizidwa kachiwiri pamakina adothi asanapangidwe. Koneile imapanga zosakaniza zamphamvu komanso zogwira mtima monga momwe zasonyezedwera pansipa:
Chosakaniza chogwira ntchito bwino komanso champhamvu
Chosakaniza cha countercurrent
4. Njira yosakanizira youma pang'ono
Yoyenera njira zosakaniza ndi chinyezi chochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosakaniza youma pang'ono ndikofunikira pazinthu zapadera zotsutsana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi makina pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za granular (zosakaniza zopyapyala, zapakati komanso zabwino za magawo atatu). Zosakanizazo zimachitika mu chosakanizira cha mchenga, mphero yonyowa, chosakanizira cha mapulaneti kapena chosakanizira chokakamizidwa.
Njira yosakanizira ndi kusakaniza koyamba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya granules, kuwonjezera madzi okhala ndi chomangira (chosapangidwa ndi organic kapena organic), ndikuwonjezera ufa wosakaniza bwino (kuphatikiza chothandizira kuyaka, chowonjezera, ndi zina zowonjezera). Chomangiracho chimasakanizidwa bwino. Nthawi yonse yosakanizira ndi mphindi 20 ~ 30. Matope osakanikirana ayenera kupewa kugawa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo madzi ayenera kugawidwa mofanana. Ngati pakufunika, matope ayenera kumangidwa bwino panthawi youmba.
Chinyezi cha matope opangidwa ndi pressure chimayendetsedwa pa 2.5% mpaka 4%; chinyezi cha matope opangidwa ngati matope chimayendetsedwa pa 4.5% mpaka 6.5%; ndipo chinyezi cha matope opangidwa ngati pressure chimayendetsedwa pa 6% mpaka 8%.
(1) Kagwiridwe ka ntchito kaukadaulo ka CMP mndandanda wa mapulaneti osakanizira mphamvu omwe amapangidwa ndi Kone.
(2) Kagwiridwe ka ntchito kaukadaulo ka chosakanizira mchenga wonyowa
5. Njira yosakanizira matope
Njira yosakanizira matope ndi yopangira zinthu zapadera zosakaniza ndi dothi, makamaka matope opangidwa ndi gypsum, kupanga zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito matope ndi kupanga zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kusakaniza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira, zinthu zolimbitsa, zinthu zomangira, zinthu zosakaniza ndi 30% mpaka 40% ya madzi oyera mu mphero yosakaniza (mphero yosakanizira) yokhala ndi denga losatha, ndikusakaniza ndi kupukuta pakapita nthawi inayake. , yopangidwa kukhala matope opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matope. Popanga matope, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka ndi pH ya matope malinga ndi mawonekedwe a zinthuzo komanso zofunikira za matope opangidwa ndi matope.
Chosakaniza champhamvu chotsutsana ndi mafunde
Zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza matope ndi mphero ya mpira, compressor ya mpweya, chochotsera chitsulo chonyowa, pampu ya matope, chotsukira vacuum, ndi zina zotero.
6. Njira yosakaniza kutentha
Zomangira zopangidwa ndi parafini ndi resin ndi zinthu zolimba (kapena zokhuthala) kutentha kwabwinobwino, ndipo sizingasakanizidwe kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo ziyenera kutenthedwa ndi kusakanikirana.
Parafini imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothira mafuta otentha. Popeza kutentha kwa sera ya parafini ndi 60~80 °C, sera ya parafini imatenthedwa kufika pa 100 °C pakusakaniza ndipo imakhala ndi madzi okwanira. Kenako ufa wosalala umawonjezeredwa ku parafini yamadzimadzi, ndipo pambuyo posakaniza bwino, zinthuzo zimakonzedwa. Keke ya sera imapangidwa ndi hot die casting.
Zipangizo zazikulu zosakaniza zotenthetsera chisakanizo ndi chotenthetsera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-20-2018
