Ibikoresho byinshi by’ibanze bikoreshwa mu bikoresho birwanya imyuka bikomoka kuri bismuth bitari ibya pulasitiki, kandi biragoye kubitunganya ubwabyo. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukoresha icyuma gifunga ibintu kidatunganywa cyangwa icyuma kidatunganywa cyangwa icyuma kivanze. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byihariye birwanya imyuka bishyirwa mu byiciro bikomeye kandi neza kugira ngo bikore ibikoresho by’icyondo bifite ibice bimwe, amazi akwirakwira mu buryo bumwe, pulasitiki runaka kandi byoroshye gukora no kurangiza ibintu. Ni ngombwa gukoresha inzira yo gukora ifite imikorere myiza, ingaruka nziza zo kuvanga no kuvanga neza.
(1) Guhuza uduce duto
Igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bwa billet (icyondo) gishobora gukorwamo umusaruro ufite ubucucike bwinshi cyane hifashishijwe imiterere y’uduce duto. Mu buryo bw’imitekerereze, hageragejwe urwego rumwe rw’ubunini bwa santimetero zitandukanye n’ibikoresho bitandukanye, kandi ubucucike bw’ubunini bwari bumwe cyane. Uko byagenda kose, ubucucike bwari 38% ± 1%. Kubwibyo, ku mupira w’ubunini bumwe, ubucucike bwawo n’ubucucike bwawo ntibishingiye ku bunini bw’umupira n’imiterere y’ibikoresho, kandi bihora bifatanye mu ishusho ya hexagonal ifite umubare w’ihuza wa 8.
Uburyo bwo gushyira hamwe bw’agace kamwe k’ingano imwe bufite agace gato, inkingi imwe y’akadomo, inkingi y’akadomo ivanze, ishusho ya piramidi, na tetrahedron. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyira hamwe bw’agace kamwe bw’umubumbe bugaragara ku Ishusho ya 24. Isano iri hagati y’uburyo bwo gushyiramo uduce kamwe n’umuraba igaragara ku Imbonerahamwe ya 2-26.
Kugira ngo hongerwe ubucucike bw'ibintu no kugabanya porosity, hakoreshwa uruziga rufite ingano ingana y'uduce, ni ukuvuga ko umubare runaka w'uduce duto twongerwa ku ruziga runini kugira ngo hongerwe imiterere y'uruziga, kandi isano iri hagati y'ingano y'uruziga n'porosity igaragara mu mbonerahamwe. 2-27.
Hamwe n'ibikoresho bya clinker, uduce duto dufite uburebure bwa mm 4.5, uduce two hagati dufite uburebure bwa mm 0.7, uduce duto dufite uburebure bwa mm 0.09, kandi impinduka y'umuvuduko wa clinker ya clinker igaragara ku Ishusho ya 2-5.
Dukurikije Ishusho ya 2-5, uduce duto cyane turi 55% ~ 65%, uduce duto cyane turi 10% ~ 30%, naho ifu nziza ni 15% ~ 30%. Ubushobozi bugaragara bwo kugabanya bushobora kugabanuka bukagera kuri 15.5%. Birumvikana ko ibintu bigize ibikoresho byihariye bishobora guhindurwa neza hakurikijwe imiterere y’ibikoresho n’imiterere y’uduce.
(2) Umuti wo guhuza ibintu byihariye birwanya
Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byihariye birwanya ubukana n'uburyo bwo gushushanya, ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa ni ibi bikurikira:
(1) Uburyo bwo gukurura, gum arabic, polyvinyl butyral, hydrazine methyl cellulose, sodium acrylate, sodium alginate, n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
(2) Uburyo bwo gukamura, harimo amavuta, glycols,
Alcool ya polyvinyl, selulose ya methyl, sitashi, dextrin, maltose na glycerin.
(3) Uburyo bwo gutera inshinge z'ibishashara bishyushye, ibikoresho byo gufunga ni: inshinge z'ibishashara bya parafini, ibishashara by'inzuki, amavuta: aside oleic, glycerin, aside stearic n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
(4) Uburyo bwo gucukura, uburyo bwo guhuza: methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic; plasticizer: polyethylene glycol, dioctane aside fosforike, dibutyl peroxide, nibindi; uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza: glycerin, aside oleic; solvent: ethanol, acetone, toluene, nibindi nkibyo.
(5) Uburyo bwo gutera, polyethylene ya thermoplastic resin, polystyrene, polypropylene, acetyl cellulose, propylene resin, nibindi, bishobora no gushyushya resin ikomeye ya phenolic; amavuta: aside stearic.
(6) Uburyo bwo gukanda isostatic, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, hakoreshejwe sulfite pulp wash liquid, fosfeti n'indi myunyu idakomoka ku bimera mu gihe cyo gukora pellets.
(7) Uburyo bwo gukanda, selulose ya methyl, dextrin, alkoholi ya polyvinyl, sulfite pulp waste liquid, sirupe cyangwa indi myunyu itari organic; sulfite pulp waste liquid, selulose ya methyl, gum arabic, dextrin cyangwa umunyu wa aside itari organic na inorganic, nka aside fosfeti cyangwa fosfeti.
(3) Uruvange rw'ibicuruzwa byihariye birwanya
Kugira ngo wongere imiterere imwe n'imwe y'ibicuruzwa byihariye birwanya ubushyuhe, genzura ihinduka rya kristu ry'ikintu, gabanya ubushyuhe bwo gutwika ikintu, kandi wongereho ingano nto y'ibivange mu gikoresho. Ibi bivange ni oxides z'icyuma, oxides zitari ibyuma, oxides z'icyuma zidasanzwe, fluoride, borides na fosfeti. Urugero, kongeramo 1% ~ 3% ya aside boric (H2BO3) kuri γ-Al2O3 bishobora gutuma ihinduka. Kongeramo 1% kugeza kuri 2% TiO2 kuri Al2O3 bishobora kugabanya cyane ubushyuhe bwo gutwika (hafi 1600 ° C). Kongeramo TiO2, Al2O3, ZiO2, na V2O5 kuri MgO bitera gukura kw'ibinyampeke bya cristobalite kandi bigabanya ubushyuhe bwo gutwika ikintu. Kongeramo CaO, MgO, Y2O3 n'ibindi bivange ku bikoresho fatizo bya ZrO2 bishobora gukorwamo umuti ukomeye wa zirconia cubic uhoraho kuva ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba kugeza kuri 2000 °C nyuma yo kuvurwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
(4) Uburyo n'ibikoresho byo kuvanga
Uburyo bwo kuvanga byumye
Imvange ikomeye ivanze n’umuyoboro w’amazi ikorwa na Shandong Konyle ifite ingano ya 0.05 ~ 30m3, ikwiriye kuvanga ifu zitandukanye, utubumbe, uduce duto n’ibikoresho bidafite ubukana bwinshi, kandi ifite igikoresho cyo kongeramo no gutera amazi.
2. Uburyo bwo kuvanga butose
Mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuvanga amazi, ibikoresho by’ibanze bitandukanye bishyirwa mu cyuma gisya ibintu gifite agakoresho ko gusya neza. Nyuma yo gukora ibiryo, hongerwamo pulasitiki n’ibindi bivange kugira ngo bihindure ubucucike bw’ibyondo, hanyuma uruvange rugavangwa neza mu cyuma gisya ibintu, hanyuma rugashyirwamo uduce duto hanyuma rukabyumisha mu cyuma cyumisha amazi.
Umuvanga w'isinema
3. Uburyo bwo guhuza pulasitiki
Kugira ngo hakorwe uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu bukoreshwa cyane ku gicuruzwa cyihariye gishya kidafite aho gihuriye n’ibumba cyangwa ibumba ry’imyanda. Muri ubu buryo, ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye, ibintu bivanze, ibintu bikozwe muri pulasitiki, amavuta n’amazi bivangwa neza ku mvange y’umubumbe, hanyuma bikavangwa no kuvangwa ku mvange ikora neza cyane kugira ngo bikureho uduheri mu cyondo. Kugira ngo icyondo kirusheho kuba cyiza, icyondo kivangwa n’ibintu byashaje, maze icyondo gishyirwa mu mvange ya kabiri ku mashini y’ibumba mbere yo kugitunganya. Koneile ikora imvange ikora neza kandi ikomeye nk’uko bigaragara hano hepfo:
Imvange ikora neza kandi ikomeye
Imvange y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranye
4. Uburyo bwo kuvanga buto bwumye
Bikwiriye uburyo bwo kuvanga bufite ubushuhe buke. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvanga bwumye cyane birakenewe ku bikoresho byihariye birwanya ubushuhe byakozwe n'imashini hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'ibinyabutabire (ibinyabutabire binini, biciriritse n'ibitogoshoye mu byiciro bitatu). Ibikoresho bikorerwa mu mashini ivanga umucanga, mu ruganda rutose, mu mashini ivanga imibumbe cyangwa mu mashini ivanga imibumbe.
Uburyo bwo kuvanga ni ukubanza kuvanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'udukoko, kongeramo amazi arimo ikintu gifunga (inorganic cyangwa organic), hanyuma ukongeramo ifu nziza ivanze (harimo n'igikoresho gifasha gutwika, ikintu cyo kwagura, n'ibindi). Ikintu gikoreshwa) kivanze neza. Igihe rusange cyo kuvanga ni iminota 20 ~ 30. Icyondo givanze kigomba gukumira gutandukanya ingano y'udukoko kandi amazi agomba gukwirakwizwa ku buryo bungana. Niba bibaye ngombwa, icyondo kigomba gufatwa neza mu gihe cyo kubumba.
Ubushuhe bw'icyondo cyakozwe mu gikoni bugenzurwa kuri 2.5% kugeza 4%; ubushuhe bw'icyondo cyakozwe mu ishusho y'icyondo bugenzurwa kuri 4.5% kugeza 6.5%; naho ubushuhe bw'icyondo cyakozwe mu buryo buhindagurika bugenzurwa kuri 6% kugeza 8%.
(1) Imikorere ya tekiniki y'uruhererekane rwa CMP rw'imvange z'imibumbe zikoresha ingufu nke zakozwe na Kone.
(2) Imikorere ya tekiniki y'umucanga utose
5. Uburyo bwo kuvanga ibyondo
Uburyo bwo kuvanga ibumba ni ubwo gukora ibikoresho byihariye bya ceramic birwanya ihindagurika ry’ibumba, cyane cyane ibumba ry’ibumba rikoreshwa mu gushushanya inshinge za gypsum, gushushanya no gushushanya inshinge. Uburyo bwo gukora ni ukuvanga ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye, ibikoresho bikomeza imbaraga, ibikoresho bihagarika, ibintu bivangavanze na 30% kugeza kuri 40% by'amazi meza mu ruganda rukora ibumba (uruganda ruvanga) rufite umugozi udashira, hanyuma ukavanga kandi ugasya nyuma y'igihe runaka. , bigakorwamo ibumba ry’ibumba. Mu gihe cyo gukora ibumba, ni ngombwa kugenzura ubucucike na pH by'icyondo hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ibisabwa n'icyo gikoresho ubwacyo gitanga ibumba.
Imvange ikomeye ikoreshwa mu buryo bunyuranye n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu buryo bwo kuvanga ibyondo ni uruganda rukora umupira, compressor y'umwuka, gukuraho icyuma gitose, pompe y'ibyondo, icyuma gikuraho ibintu bivamo umwuka, n'ibindi nk'ibyo.
6. Uburyo bwo gushyushya kuvanga
Ibikoresho bifunga bikozwe muri parafini na resin ni ibintu bikomeye (cyangwa bitose) ku bushyuhe busanzwe, kandi ntibishobora kuvangwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, kandi bigomba gushyuha no kuvangwa.
Parafini ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gufunga iyo ikoresha uburyo bwo gutwika parafini bushyushye. Kubera ko aho ishashi ya parafini ishongesha ari 60 ~ 80 °C, ishashi ya parafini ishyushywa kugera hejuru ya 100 °C mu kuvanga kandi ikaba ifite ubushyuhe bwiza. Hanyuma ifu nziza yongerwa muri parafini y'amazi, hanyuma nyuma yo kuvanga no kuvanga neza, ibikoresho birategurwa. Umutsima ukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwika parafini bushyushye.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kuvanga bishyushya uruvange ni icyuma gishyushya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-20-2018
