Zambiri mwazinthu zopangira zinthu zokanira zimakhala zazinthu zopanda pulasitiki za bismuth, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzipanga kukhala zomaliza zokha.Choncho, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito chomangira kunja organic kapena inorganic binder kapena wosakanizidwa binder.The zosiyanasiyana wapadera refractory yaiwisi ndi pansi okhwima ndi zolondola batching kuti matope zinthu yunifolomu kugawa tinthu, yunifolomu kugawa madzi, ena plasticity ndi zosavuta kupanga ndi theka-anamaliza mankhwala.Ndikofunikira kutengera njira yopanga ndikuchita bwino kwambiri, kusakaniza bwino komanso kusakanikirana koyenera.
(1) Kufananiza tinthu
The billet (matope) akhoza kupangidwa kukhala mankhwala ndi apamwamba kwambiri chochuluka kachulukidwe mwa kusankha wololera tinthu zikuchokera.Mwachidziwitso, gawo limodzi la mainchesi osiyanasiyana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zidayesedwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kunali kofanana.Mulimonsemo, porosity inali 38% ± 1%.Chifukwa chake, kwa mpira wamtundu umodzi, kachulukidwe kake ndi porosity sizidalira kukula kwa mpira ndi zinthu zakuthupi, ndipo nthawi zonse zimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a hexagonal ndi nambala yolumikizira 8.
The theoretical stacking njira ya tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, piramidi ndi tetrahedron.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya stacking ya kukula kofanana ikuwonetsedwa mkuyu.
Pofuna kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo ndikuchepetsa porosity, gawo la kukula kosafanana kwa tinthu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiko kuti, timagulu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono timawonjezedwa ku gawo lalikulu kuti muwonjezere mapangidwe a gawolo, ndi chiyanjano. pakati pa voliyumu yomwe gawolo ndi porosity likuwonetsedwa patebulo.2-27.
Ndi zosakaniza za clinker, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 4. 5 mm, tinthu tating'ono tating'ono ndi 0.7 mm, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 0.09 mm, ndipo kusintha kwa clinker porosity kwa clinker kukuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 2-5.
Kuchokera pa Chithunzi 2-5, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi 55% ~ 65%, tinthu tating'ono ndi 10% ~ 30%, ndi ufa wabwino ndi 15% ~ 30%.Kuwoneka kwa porosity kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 15.5%.Zoonadi, zosakaniza za zida zapadera zotsutsa zimatha kusinthidwa moyenerera malinga ndi mawonekedwe a thupi ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu.
(2) Kumangirira wothandizira pazinthu zapadera zokana
Kutengera ndi mtundu wa zida zapadera zokanira komanso njira yopangira, zomangira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi:
(1) Njira ya grouting, gum arabic, polyvinyl butyral, hydrazine methyl cellulose, sodium acrylate, sodium alginate, ndi zina zotero.
(2) Njira yofinya, kuphatikiza mafuta, glycols,
Mowa wa polyvinyl, methyl cellulose, wowuma, dextrin, maltose ndi glycerin.
(3) Njira yoyatsira sera yotentha, zomangira zake ndi: serafini, sera, phula, zothira mafuta: oleic acid, glycerin, stearic acid ndi zina zotero.
(4) Njira yoponyera, yolumikizira: methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic;plasticizer: polyethylene glycol, dioctane Phosphoric acid, dibutyl peroxide, etc.;obalalitsa wothandizira: glycerin, oleic acid;zosungunulira: ethanol, acetone, toluene, ndi zina zotero.
(5) jekeseni njira, thermoplastic utomoni polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, acetyl mapadi, propylene utomoni, etc., akhoza kutentha molimba phenolic utomoni;mafuta: stearic acid.
(6) Isostatic kukanikiza njira, polyvinyl mowa, methyl cellulose, ntchito sulfite zamkati zinyalala zamadzimadzi, phosphate ndi mchere zina inorganic popanga pellets.
(7) Press njira, methyl cellulose, dextrin, polyvinyl mowa, sulfite zamkati zinyalala zinyalala madzi, madzi kapena zosiyanasiyana mchere mchere;Sulfite zamkati zinyalala zamadzimadzi, methyl cellulose, chingamu arabic, dextrin kapena inorganic ndi inorganic acid mchere, monga asidi phosphoric kapena phosphates.
(3) Admixtures mankhwala apadera refractory
Pofuna kukonza zinthu zina zamakina apadera opangira zinthu, wongolerani mawonekedwe amtundu wa kristalo wa nkhaniyo, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nkhaniyo, ndikuwonjezera kuphatikizika pang'ono pamipando.Zosakaniza izi makamaka zitsulo oxides, non-metal oxides, osowa nthaka zitsulo oxides, fluorides, borides ndi phosphates.Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera 1% ~ 3% boric acid (H2BO3) ku γ-Al2O3 kungalimbikitse kutembenuka.Kuphatikiza kwa 1% mpaka 2% TiO2 ku Al2O3 kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kutentha kwamoto (pafupifupi 1600 ° C).Kuwonjezera kwa TiO2, Al2O3, ZiO2, ndi V2O5 ku MgO kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu za cristobalite ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwa mankhwala.Kuphatikiza kwa CaO, MgO, Y2O3 ndi zina zowonjezera ku ZrO2 zopangira zitha kupangidwa kukhala cubic zirconia solid solution yomwe imakhala yosasunthika kuchokera kutentha mpaka 2000 ° C pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri.
(4) Njira ndi zida zosakaniza
Dry kusakaniza njira
Chosakaniza champhamvu chotsutsana ndi Shandong Konyle chili ndi voliyumu ya 0.05 ~ 30m3, yoyenera kusakaniza ma ufa osiyanasiyana, ma granules, flakes ndi zipangizo zotsika kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi chipangizo chowonjezera ndi kupopera madzi.
2. Njira yosakaniza yonyowa
Mu njira yachizolowezi yosakaniza yonyowa, zosakaniza za zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa mu chosakaniza cha mapulaneti chokhala ndi chotchinga chotetezera kuti chipere bwino.Pambuyo popanga slurry, pulasitiki ndi zosakaniza zina zimawonjezeredwa kuti zisinthe kachulukidwe ka matope, ndipo kusakaniza kumasakanizidwa bwino mu chosakaniza cha matope cha shaft planetary, ndi granulated ndi zouma mu chowumitsira granulation.
Chosakaniza mapulaneti
3. Njira yophatikizira pulasitiki
Kuti apange njira yosunthika kwambiri yophatikizira chinthu chapadera chopanda kanthu chomwe chili choyenera kupanga pulasitiki kapena kupanga matope.Mwa njira iyi, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, zosakaniza, zopangira pulasitiki, mafuta odzola ndi madzi zimasakanizidwa bwino pa chosakaniza cha mapulaneti, kenaka amasakanizidwa ndi kusakaniza ndi chosakaniza cholimba kwambiri kuti achotse thovu m'matope.Pofuna kukonza pulasitiki ya matope, matope amasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zakale, ndipo matope amapangidwa ndi kusakaniza kwachiwiri pamakina adongo asanayambe kuumba.Koneile imapanga zosakaniza zapamwamba komanso zamphamvu monga zikuwonetsedwa pansipa:
Chosakaniza chothandiza komanso champhamvu
Countercurrent chosakanizira
4. Njira yosakanikirana yowuma
Oyenera kusakaniza njira ndi chinyezi chochepa.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa njira yosakanikirana yowuma kumafunikira pazinthu zapadera zokanira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi granular zosakaniza (zosakaniza, zapakati ndi zabwino za magawo atatu).Zosakanizazo zimachitika mu chosakaniza mchenga, mphero yonyowa, chosakaniza mapulaneti kapena chosakaniza chokakamiza.
Njira yosanganikirana ndikuyamba kuyanika kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma granules, kuwonjezera madzi amadzimadzi okhala ndi binder (zosakhazikika kapena organic), ndikuwonjezera ufa wosakanikirana (kuphatikiza zothandizira kuyaka, chowonjezera, ndi zina zowonjezera).Wothandizira) amasakanizidwa bwino.Nthawi zambiri kusakaniza ndi 20 ~ 30min.Dothi losakanizika liyenera kupewa kugawanika kwa tinthu ndipo madziwo agawidwe mofanana.Ngati ndi kotheka, zinthu zamatope ziyenera kutsekeredwa bwino pakuumba.
Chinyezi chamatope opangidwa ndi makina osindikizira chimayendetsedwa pa 2.5% mpaka 4%;chinyontho cha mankhwala opangidwa ndi matope amayendetsedwa pa 4.5% mpaka 6.5%;ndipo chinyontho cha chinthu chopangidwa chogwedezeka chimayendetsedwa pa 6% mpaka 8%.
(1) Kuchita mwaukadaulo kwa mndandanda wa CMP wosakanikirana ndi mapulaneti opangidwa ndi Kone.
(2) Kuchita mwaukadaulo kwa chosakanizira chamchenga chonyowa
5. Njira yosakaniza matope
Njira yophatikizira matope ndiyopanga zinthu zapadera za ceramic, makamaka matope opangira jakisoni wa gypsum, kuponyera ndikuumba jekeseni.Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndikusakaniza zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, zowonjezera zowonjezera, suspending agents, admixtures ndi 30% mpaka 40% ya madzi oyera mu mphero (kusakaniza mphero) ndi nsalu yosagwira ntchito, ndikusakaniza ndikupera pakapita nthawi. nthawi., opangidwa kukhala matope owumbira.Popanga matope, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kachulukidwe ndi pH ya matope molingana ndi mawonekedwe azinthu komanso zofunikira pakudziponyera matope.
Countercurrent wamphamvu chosakanizira
Zida zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira yosakaniza matope ndi mphero ya mpira, makina osindikizira mpweya, kuchotsa chitsulo chonyowa, pampu yamatope, vacuum deaerator, ndi zina zotero.
6. Kutentha kusakaniza njira
Paraffin ndi utomoni zomangira utomoni ndi zinthu zolimba (kapena viscous) pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, ndipo sangakhoze kusakaniza kutentha firiji, ndipo ayenera kutenthedwa ndi kusakaniza.
Parafini imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira moto.Chifukwa kusungunuka kwa sera ya parafini ndi 60 ~ 80 °C, sera ya parafini imatenthedwa kufika pamwamba pa 100 °C posakaniza ndipo imakhala ndi madzi abwino.Kenako ufa wabwino umawonjezeredwa ku parafini yamadzimadzi, ndipo mutatha kusakaniza ndi kusakaniza, zinthuzo zimakonzedwa.Keke ya sera imapangidwa ndi kuponyedwa kotentha.
Chida chachikulu chosakaniza chotenthetsera chosakaniza ndi chowotcha moto.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-20-2018